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Generally, rubber is insulated. If conductive materials are needed, then conductive materials should be added. Graphite powder has excellent conductivity and lubrication demodulation. Graphite powder processed into graphite powder, with excellent lubrication, electrical conductivity, the higher the purity of graphite powder, the better the electrical conductivity. Many special rubber products factories need conductive rubber, so can graphite powder added to rubber conduct electricity? The answer is yes, but there is also the question, what is the ratio of graphite powder to rubber?
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Some enterprises use ratio is less than 30%, this class is above the wear-resisting rubber products, like tires, etc., there are also special rubber factory is 100%, the proportion of the conductive, the basic principle of conductive is conductive not interrupt, like a wire, if the gap so there would be no electricity, the inside of the conductive rubber conductive graphite powder is a conductor, if the graphite powder is insulated rubber partition, so it is not conductive, so less graphite powder proportion of conductive effect is not good, I'm afraid.
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When temperature gradient exists in graphite, heat flows from high temperature to low temperature. The parameter that characterizes the thermal conductivity of graphite is thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity input is the proportional coefficient between the heat q(heat flux) passing through the unit time and unit area and the temperature gradient grad T.
Q = - lambda grad T
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Where, the negative sign indicates that the heat flow direction is opposite to the temperature gradient. Formula (1) is often called Fourier law of heat conduction. If is perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the x axis direction for Δ S, material temperature gradient along the x axis direction for dT/dx, in Δ tau, along the x axis is the direction through the Δ S section of heat for Δ Q, under the steady state heat transfer, type (1) has the following form:
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The legal unit of thermal conductivity is W·m·K. For an unstable heat transfer process, that is, the temperature varies with time throughout the body. For an object that has no heat exchange with the outside world and has a temperature gradient itself, the temperature gradient will approach zero over time, that is, the temperature at the hot end will continue to decrease and the temperature at the cold end will continue to rise, and finally reach a consistent equilibrium temperature. In this unstable heat transfer process, the change rate of temperature per unit area of the object at any time is:
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In the formula, the value is time, rho for density, cp for the mass of the heat capacity. Lambda/rho cp is often referred to as the thermal diffusivity or temperature conductivity coefficient of graphite, commonly expressed in cm/s. Heat conduction is achieved by the motion of the heat conduction carrier. Graphite heat conduction carrier has electron, phonon (lattice vibration wave), photon and so on. The thermal conductivity of graphite can be expressed as the superposition of the contributions of various heat conduction carriers
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Where, vi, li and ci are respectively the motion speed, average free path and specific heat capacity per unit volume of heat conduction carrier I. All kinds of heat conduction carriers of graphite interact and restrict each other. For example, phonons of different frequencies collide with each other and scatter, and phonons also scatter with grain boundaries, lattice defects and impurities, affecting their average free path. Therefore, the heat conduction of graphite is a very complex physical process.
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Theoretically, the thermal conductivity of various graphite and its changes with temperature can be predicted accurately. Although there has been a long period of hard work, only limited achievements have been made. Roughly speaking, at room temperature and not too high temperature (less than 2000K), phonon thermal conductivity dominates, and electron and photon thermal conductivity can be neglected. At very low temperatures (less than 10K) the electron thermal conductivity takes up a certain amount.
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Photon thermal conductivity does not begin to appear until very high temperatures (above 2000K). The thermal conductivity of graphite increases with the increase of its electrical conductivity (see weidmann Franz law). Pure natural flake graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, these graphite crystals, less defects and larger size, generally can be considered as a more perfect graphite single crystal. Considerable research has been done on the thermal conductivity of such graphite.
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Under compressive stress, through more than 3000 k processing of pyrolytic graphite, the volume density of 2.25 g/cm, close to the theory of single crystal density of 2.266 g/cm, the half wide Angle (002) diffraction peak show only 0.4 ° Angle (Mosaic), is also very close to the theoretical value is zero. The thermal conductivity of this graphite is shown in table 1. These values are generally considered to represent the corresponding values of monocrystalline graphite. Thermal conductivity along either main direction: lambda a along the plane or lambda c perpendicular to the plane.
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At room temperature lambda a is about 200 times bigger than lambda c. As the temperature goes up, the ratio goes down, but it's still very high. This is why polycrystalline ink with microcrystalline appearance is thermal conductivity controlled by lambda a or almost negligible by lambda c. The crystal perfection of natural scaled graphite is far less than that of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, with the normal temperature range of 280 ~ 500W/(m·K) or lambda a/ lambda c with a ratio of 3 ~ 5.
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