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As a new type of functional carbon material, Expanded Graphite (EG) is a loose and porous worm-like substance that is Expanded by natural Graphite scales through intercalation, washing, drying and high-temperature expansion. EG in addition to the excellent properties of natural graphite itself, such as cold and heat resistance, corrosion resistance, self-lubrication, etc., it also has the softness, compression resilience, adsorption, ecological environment coordination, biological compatibility, radiation resistance and other characteristics that natural graphite does not have.
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Brodie discovered expanded graphite in the early 1860s by heating natural graphite with chemicals such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, but its use didn't begin until a hundred years later. Since then, many countries have launched the expansion of graphite research and development, has made major scientific breakthroughs.
Expanded graphite can instantly expand 150~300 times in volume when exposed to high temperature, changing from flake to vermicular, resulting in loose structure, porous and curved structure, expanded surface area, improved surface energy, and enhanced adsorption force of flake graphite. In this way, vermicular graphite can be inserted into itself, which increases its softness, resilience and plasticity.
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Graphite layer structure is very typical, each piece is a carbon layer, layer of carbon atoms in between to sp2 hybrid orbitals into strong covalent bond, which is 1 a 2 s electron and 2 2 p electronic hybrid equivalent hybrid orbitals, located on the same plane, forming sigma bond to each other, and 2 out of 2 p hybrid electronic is perpendicular to the surface, the formation of two key PI. This laminar structure of graphite makes certain gaps exist between layers.
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Therefore, under certain conditions, atoms (or individual molecules) of some reactants (such as acids, bases, halogens) can enter the interlaminar space and form interlaminar compounds with the planar cambium of the carbon reticulum. The graphite interbedded with interlaminar compounds is expandable graphite. The interlayer of carbon atoms is connected by very weak van der Waals force. This structure allows the interlayer material to enter the original layer of carbon without damaging the hexagonal network structure inside the carbon atom layer. Therefore, natural graphite is the best parent material for the preparation of graphite interlayer compounds.
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Expandable graphite is a kind of crystal compound that USES physical or chemical method to make non-carbonaceous reactant insert between graphite layers and combine with hexagonal network plane of carbon while maintaining graphite layered structure. It not only maintains the excellent physical and chemical properties of graphite, but also presents new properties that the original graphite and the intercalated graphite material do not have due to the interaction between the intercalated material and the graphite layer.
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Graphite with the interlayer compounds in high temperature, interlayer compounds will decompose, produce a kind of the graphite layer between the C axis of thrust, thrust is greater than the adhesion strength between the layers of graphite particles, under the action of the thrust, graphite layers was away, so that the graphite particles along the C axis high inflation, the expansion of the formation of vermicular graphite.
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Graphite layers are expandable because they can be "embedded" with chemicals. If sulfuric acid can be used to treat graphite, the graphite expands at high temperature after drying, which is due to the "embedded" sulfuric acid molecules into the graphite layer. Graphite crystal is a two-direction macromolecular layered structure. C atoms in each plane are bound by c-c covalent bond, and the weak van der Waals force is bound between layers.
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Experiments show that the graphite worm has the function of absorbing electromagnetic waves, which makes the expanded graphite have high military application value. Both the United States army and our army have conducted experimental studies in this regard. The expanded graphite must meet the following requirements :(1) low initial expansion temperature, large expansion volume; (2) stable chemical properties, storage for 5 years, expansion rate basically does not decay; (3) the expanded graphite has a neutral surface and no corrosion to the shell shell.
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When expanded graphite is used as flame retardant material, the problem of graphite's solubility with other components is involved. Due to the high salinity of graphite surface, it is neither an oil-wet material nor a water-wet material. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface of graphite to solve the problem of its solubility with other components. Some people have proposed to whiten the surface of graphite, that is, to cover the surface of graphite with a strong white film, which is a difficult problem to solve, involving membrane chemistry or surface chemistry problems, the laboratory may be able to do, there are difficulties in industrialization. This kind of white expandable graphite is mainly used as flame retardant coating.
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